Mount Ceremai (often mistakenly called "Ciremai") is administratively included in the three districts, namely Kabupaten Cirebon, Kuningan and Majalengka Regency, West Java Province. The geographical position of the peak is located at 6 ° 53 '30 "latitude and 108 ° 24' 00" east, with an altitude of 3078 m above sea level. This mountain is the highest mountain in West Java.
This mountain has a double crater. Western crater radius is truncated by a crater 400 m east of radius 600 m. At an altitude of about 2900 m asl on the southern slope there are ex-point eruption Gowa called Swallow.Now G. Ceremai included in the National Park area of Mount Ciremai (TNGC), which has a total area of approximately 15,000 hectares.
The name is derived from the word mountain cereme (Phyllanthus acidus, a type of plant small shrubs with rada sour fruit), but it is often called Ciremai, a symptom hiperkorek due to the many place names in the region Pasundan that use the prefix 'ci-' for the naming of places.
Volcanology and geology
Mount Ceremai including Quaternary active volcano, type A (ie, magmatic volcanoes is still active since 1600), and shaped strato. This mountain is a volcano solitary, separated by a Fault Zone Cilacap - Brass from the group of West Java volcanoes east (ie row Galunggung Mountain, Thunder Mountain, the volcano, Mount Patuha to Mount Tangkuban Boat) located in Bandung Zone.
Ceremai is the third generation volcano. The first generation is a Pleistocene volcano located next to G. Ceremai, as an advanced Plio-Pleistocene vulkanisma above Tertiary rocks. Vulkanisma second generation is Mount Gegerhalang, which before the collapse to form Gegerhalang Caldera. And vulkanisma third generation in Holocene time form of G. Ceremai that grows on the north side Gegerhalang Caldera, which is estimated to occur in about 7,000 years ago (Situmorang 1991).
Eruption G. Ceremai recorded since 1698 and the last time occurred in 1937 with the shortest rest interval of 3 years and the longest 112 years. Three eruptions in 1772, 1775 and 1805 occurred in the central crater, but did not cause significant damage. The eruption of sulfur steam and copy the new fumarola at the center of the crater wall occurred in 1917 and 1924. On June 24, 1937 - January 7, 1938 freatik eruption in the central crater and radial cracks. Distribution of ash reached an area of 52.500 square km (Kusumadinata, 1971). In 1947, 1955 and 1973 tectonic earthquake that struck the southwestern G. Ciremai, presumably related to the fault structure trending southeast - northwest. Genesis quake damaged several buildings in the area west of Maja and Talaga G. Ceremai occurred in 1990 and 2001. Tremors felt in the east to the Village Cilimus G. Ceremai.
Route
Ceremai mountain peak can be achieved through the many hiking paths. However, the popular and easily accessible is through the Village and Village Palutungan Linggarjati in the district. Brass, and Apuy Villages in the district. Majalengka. Another less used route is via village on the border Padabeunghar Brass with Majalengka in the north. In the city there are groups of nature lovers Brass "Roots (Children Activity Woods)" which can help provide information and guidance about the ascent of Mount Ceremai.
Biodiversity
Vegetation
The forests are still experienced at Mount Ceremai stay longer at the top. On the bottom, especially in areas which in the past managed as production forests Perhutanioffice, these forests have been converted to pine forest (Pinus), or shrubs, which are formed due to repeated fires and grazing. Now, most of the forests under the height ... m above sea level. managed in the form of agro-forestry (agroforests) by the local community.
As usual in the mountains of Java, the more a person climbing to the top of Mount Ciremai was found in a row mountain forest types under (submontane forest), upper montane forests (montane forest) and forest subalpin (subalpine forest), and then region- not open wooded area around the summit and crater.
Furthermore, based on micro-climatic conditions, LIPI (2001) distinguish Ciremai environment on the plateau of wet and dry highlands. For example, land in the Resort Cigugur (Palutungan point, the southern mountains) including micro-wet climates, and at the Resort Setianegara (lane north Linggarjati) micro-dry climates.
In general, Palutungan hiking paths (in the south of Mount Ciremai), Apuy (west), and Linggadjati (east) in succession from bottom to top going through the settlement lands, fields and gardens of the population, mixed pine forest plantations with field plots in forest areas (intercropping), and the last mountain rain forest. While in line Padabeunghar (north) of vegetation were combined with shrubs that are associated with desert weeds. In the fourth route, the rain forest mountains can be divided again into three types namely lower montane forests, upper montane forests and vegetation subalpin around the crater. Except subalpin vegetation that is alleged to have disturbed by fire, mountain rain forests are still relatively intact condition, green, and appeared quite clear canopy stratification.
The diversity of wildlife in Ceremai quite high. The research group of nature lovers Lawalata IPB in April 2005 to get 12 species of amphibians (frogs and toads), various types of reptiles such as chameleons, geckos, lizards and snakes, more than 95 species of birds, and more than 20 species of mammals.
Some wildlife species that include:
*
o Bangkong horned (Megophrys montana)
o Percil Java (Microhyla Achatina)
o Kongkang Cricket (Rana nicobariensis)
o Kongkang pool (Rana chalconota)
o Golden Tree-Frog (Philautus aurifasciatus)
*
o Forest Chameleon (Gonocephalus chamaeleontinus)
o lizard Stone (Cyrtodactylus sp.)
*
o Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis)
o Elang Brontok (Spizaetus cirrhatus)
o Java Eagle (Spizaetus bartelsi)
Quail-howl o Java (Arborophila javanica)
o Mountain Swiftlet (Collocalia vulcanorum) [still need to be confirmed]
o Takur Bultok (Megalaima lineata)
o Takur Tulung-stacks (Megalaima javensis)
o Berencet Little (Pnoepyga pusilla)
o Anis Gunung (Turdus poliochepalus)
o Java Tesia (Tesia superciliaris)
o kettle Mount (Cettia vulcania)
o Kipasan red-tail (Rhipidura phoenicura)
o Bird-honey Mount (Aethopyga eximia)
o Bird-honey Java (Aethopyga mystacalis)
o Glasses Mount (Zosterops Montanus)
*
o anteater (Manis javanica)
o Squirrel kekes (Tupaia javanica)
o slow loris (Nycticebus coucang)
o surili monkey (Presbytis Comata)
o ebony leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus)
o ajag (Cuon alpinus)
o Teledu Skunks (Mydaus javanensis)
o Forest Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)
o Leopard (Panthera pardus)
o hare (Tragulus javanicus)
o Deer (Muntiacus muntjak)
o Jelarang Black (Ratufa bicolor)
o Java Porcupines (Hystrix javanica)
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